Shoulder pain – identifying the cause and preserving mobility
The shoulder is highly mobile and depends on finely coordinated interaction between joints, tendons, muscles and the shoulder blade. Pain may therefore have many causes and may radiate into the upper arm or neck.
Common conditions
Possible causes include irritation of tendons or the bursa, rotator cuff disorders, calcific deposits, acromioclavicular joint changes, instability, osteoarthritis or capsular stiffness. The cervical spine may also cause similar symptoms.
Examination
Range of motion, strength, pain provocation and shoulder-blade function are assessed systematically. Ultrasound can usefully complement the clinical assessment, for example when evaluating the rotator cuff, long head of biceps tendon, bursa or dynamic questions. Existing imaging is also reviewed. Not every finding visible on MRI necessarily explains the current symptoms.
Conservative treatment
Many shoulder problems can initially be treated without surgery. Depending on the cause and irritability, adapted movement, targeted exercise, physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory measures, shockwave therapy for selected indications or injections may be discussed.
Warning signs
After a fall with marked loss of strength, visible deformity or inability to raise the arm, the shoulder should be assessed promptly. Fever, redness or rapid deterioration also require medical evaluation.
Helpful information for your examination
If possible, note when the symptoms began, which movements trigger them and whether pain occurs at night or at rest. Information about falls, previous injuries, loss of strength and earlier treatments helps with assessment. Please bring any available X-rays, MRI scans or ultrasound images. The current clinical examination determines whether an additional ultrasound examination or other imaging offers diagnostic benefit.
Please note
This information does not replace a medical examination. Sudden severe symptoms, marked deformity, paralysis or other warning signs should be assessed promptly by a medical professional.